Appendix 6 - ANNOTATED REFERENCES

These selected references are divided into six groups with a reference letter for each as below -

G - GENERAL
I - INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS
S - SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES
E - EXPERIENCES AND CASE STUDIES
O - OUTPUT OF FOREST LANDS
P - PROJECT AREA SURVEY AND PROJECT FORMULATION

GENERAL (G)
Adeyoju, S.K. 1976	Land tenure problems and tropical forestry development. Doc. FO: FDT/76/5(b) submitted to the Committee on Forest Development in the Tropics, 4th Session, FAO, Rome. Reviews principal components of land tenure, individual rights and group ownership, traditional land use and factors changing the land-use pattern, transfer and tenancy, non agricultural influences and agricultural land use, private forest land and local rights of usage, forest policy objectives, land-use objectives and supporting legislation.
Carpenter, N.R. 1976	A development approach for small farmers and the rural poor. Regional Consultation between FAO member nations and international trade union organizations in Latin America. ESH:TU/LA/76/6. FAO, Rome.
Dabasi-Schweng, L. 1974	Economic aspects of shifting cultivation. Soils Bulletin (FAO), No. 24, 72-77.
FAO 1956	L’agriculture nomade. Vol. 1 Congo belge et Côte d’Ivoire par G. Tondeur et B. Bergeror-Campagne. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 9, Home, 232 p.
FAO 1957	Hanunóv agriculture in the Philippines by A.C. Conklin. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 12, Rome, 210 p.
FAO 1970	Shifting agriculture in tropical forests. In Report of the second session of the FAO Committee on Forest Development in the Tropics. Rome, p. 12-25.
FAO 1971	Shifting cultivation in Latin America by R.F. Walters. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 17, Rome, 305 p.
FAO 1974 (a)	Employment in forestry. FAO/SWE/TF 126, Rome, 27 p. Includes discussions, lectures and studies centred on social and economic restraints in forestry development, technological constraints and adaptations, forest labour, and the promotion of forest development and rural economy in Asia and the Far East. Recommendations include the use of an integrated approach to the employment of rural labour, improvements in administration and forestry techniques, increased research and data collection and the establishment of ‘forest villages’.
FAO 1974 (b)	Sahelian Zone. Survey of the problems. FAO/SWE/TF 117, Rome.
FAO 1974 (c)	Shifting Cultivation and Soil Conservation in Africa. Papers presented at the FAO/SIDA/ARCN Regional Seminar on Shifting Cultivation and Soil Conservation in Africa (Ibadan, Nigeria 2-21 July 1973). Soils Bulletin (FAO), No. 24, Rome, 248 p.
FAO 1975	Report on the FAO/SIDA seminar on forestry social relations for English-speaking countries in Africa and the Caribbean, held in Rome, 1-26 April 1974. FAO/SWE/TF 146, Rome, 184 p.
FAO 1976 (a)	Forestry for Local Community Development. Committee on Forestry. Secretariat Note. COFO 76/3, Rome, 6 p. The paper shows that a new dimension of forestry is necessary to contribute in stabilizing the natural foundations of food production and to reverse the impoverishment of rural areas, the immediate objectives being essentially the production of goods and services to cover the needs of the local population and the inputs coming primarily in the form of productive labour.
FAO 1976 (b)	Perspective Study on Agricultural Development in the Sahelian Countries, 1975-1990. PS/SAH/76/ESP/1/E, Rome.
FAO 1977 (a)	Forestry for Local Community Development in Asia and the Far East. Secretariat Note. Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission. Tenth Session. Katmandu. Examines the increased needs for agricultural land, fuelwood and timber, the regression of forests and the ecological deterioration. The role of forestry for food production, in rural employment, in community development and in reestablishing the ecological balance is discussed.
FAO 1977 (b)	Report on the FAO/SIDA Expert Consultation on Forestry for Community Development. TF/INT 271 (SWE), Rome, 21 p. Contains the case studies presented by participants from 7 countries, the discussion of the Forestry Department’s desk study and the recommendations for further action.
Fosbrooke, H.A. 1974	Socio-economic aspects of shifting cultivation. Soils Bulletin (FAO), No. 24, p. 72-77.
Gill, T. 1968	Shifting agriculture: new aspects of an old problem. In Report of the first session of the FAO Committee on Forest Development in the Tropics, Rome, p. 10-22.
King, K.F.S. 1975	Putting the emphasis on tropical forestry. Unasylva (FAO). Vol. 27, 110, p. 30-35. Briefly reviews FAO policy in developing countries with regard to the development of wood as an energy source, agriculture/forestry relations, pulp and paper production and forest industry.
Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel. 1976	Final Report on the CILSS/UNSO/FAO Consultation on the role of forestry in a rehabilitation programme for the Sahel, Ouagadougou, 53 p. (Also in French). After a general review of the problem of desertization, the role of forestry and its implications for forestry institutions are examined. A plan of action is proposed.
Prats Llaurado, J. 1973	Problems of financing forestry development. Doc. ESR:TCNE/73/10 submitted to the FAO Seminar on Agricultural Credit for Selected Countries in the Near East and Mediterranean Basin, 6 p. Reviews the existing experience of private reforestation activity through special credit schemes in various countries and the possibilities of forestry development as part of agricultural credit schemes for small farmers.
Schmidt, D.R. 1973	Anthropological and ecological considerations regarding the transition of shifting cultivation in the tropics. African Soils, 18, 2, p. 59-68. In the tropics, population pressure may force a transition of the traditional shifting cultivation system to another cultivation system. Understanding the ecological, economic and social aspects of shifting cultivation can help to avoid costly mistakes if the system is to be modified or even completely changed. This article attempts to summarise pertinent ecological and anthropological information on two basic aspects of shifting cultivation, fallowing and burning, and outlines fields of anthropological research which can contribute to the progressive transition of shifting cultivators.
Unesco 1972	Expert Panel on Project No. 1: Ecological effects of increasing human activities on tropical and sub-tropical forest ecosystems in the Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB) - Final Report. MAB Report Series No. 3, Paris, 35 p.
Unesco 1974 (a)	Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). International Working Group on Project 1: Ecological effects of increasing human activities on tropical and sub-tropical forest ecosystems - Final Report. MAB Report Series No. 16, Paris.
Unesco 1974 (b)	Programme on Nan and the Biosphere (MAB). International Working Group on Project 3: Impact of human activities and land-use practices on grazing lands: savanna, grassland (from temperate to arid areas) - Final Report. MAB Report Series No. 25, Paris, 97 p.
Virone, L.E. 1969	A practical approach to rural development. The Agricultural Studies Centre. Borgo a Mozzano, 40 p. The prerequisites for a rural development pilot project are set and the role of the rural community, project personnel and outside experts and advisers are discussed. Guidelines for the implementation of rural development projects are provided, including outlines for community survey and farm/family survey.
INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS (I)
Buggel. H. 1973	Basic problems of building up progressive co-operative forestry in India. Beitrage zur Tropischen Landwirtschaft und Veterinarmedizin, 11, 3, 217-236. A brief discussion of Indian forestry and forest policy since independence, rural fuel and fodder problems, promotion of farm forestry and tree planting outside the forest by the Forest Service, the use of the taungya system and the potential role of village communities in improving forest productivity. A model for voluntary cooperation is proposed.
FAO 1970	Manual de Extension by F. Sanchez Narvaez. FO:SF/ECU 18. Informe técnico 2, Quito, 115 p. Manual for forest engineers and agricultural technicians engaged in teaching of extension work. Reviews the objectives and methods of agricultural and forestry extension work; the requirements for effectively working extension personnel; principal aspects of rural sociology, social psychology and communication; organizational pattern of a forestry extension and information unit.
FAO 1973	Agricultural extension, a reference manual by A. H. Maunder, Rome, 270 p. Extension manual providing a definition of extension and analysing extension programmes and teaching as well as extension administration and operation. Includes a comprehensive bibliography.
FAO 1975 (a)	Conference on modernization of the public administration in the forestry sector in Latin America. Eight documents comprising the programme (FO:MAFP/LA/75/1) and seven working papers (FO:MAFP/LA/75/2-8). The papers in order of serial numbers are: Principles and strategy of administrative reform by development functions by D. A. Ferrari. The role of public administration in socio-economic development by J. Sargent. Economic incentives in forestry in Latin America by L. M. Bombin. Human factors in the rationalization and study of the efficiency of organizations by K. Gouin and J.C. Waller. Principles, approaches and methods for administrative analysis in public forest administrations by M. Paveri. Planning and use of O + M (organization and methods) services in public forest administrations by M.E. Askerstam. Forest administration in developing countries by L. Velay., Rome, 113 p.
FAO 1975 (b)	Seminar on forestry social relations for English-speaking countries in Africa and the Caribbean. FAO/SWE/TF 148, Rome, 184 p. Manual reviewing the basic aspects of social relations as related to forestry development, communication theory and organizational behaviour, practical communication and its role in national and rural development, social relation problems in forestry development.
FAO 1976	Training for agriculture and rural development. FAO Economist and Social Development Series No. 2, Rome, 144 p. A collection of 17 articles and case studies covering training of rural workers and farmers; rural leadership and population education for rural development; demonstration methods and practical training; use of television and other mass medias; teaching requirements for extension personnel and curriculum changes; organization and coordination of research, training and extension work. Includes a bibliography of recent FAO, Unesco and ILO publications on agricultural education and training.
Hederström, T. 1977	Desarrollo del movimiento cooperative forestal. Documento de trabajo No. 20, 23 p. UNDP/FAO GUA/72/006, Guatemala. Describes the development of forest cooperatives in Guatemala, their major objectives, activities and organizational pattern; the relation between cooperatives at regional and national level; and the legislative and institutional framework.
SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES (S)
Bene, J.G., Beall, H.W. & Côté A. 1977	Trees, food and people: land management in the tropics. Ottawa, International Development Centre, 52 p.
Douglas, J.S. &. Hart, R.A. 1976	Forest farming. London, Robinson L. Watkins Books Ltd. Discusses the role of forests and tree crops in fanning and offers detailed advice and information on various economic species, the use of their products for food and raw materials, planting techniques and suggestions and guidance for the layout and operation of schemes of forest farming. Encourages the adoption of multiple-usage methods and the integration of forestry with farming to form one pattern of agrisilviculture, wherever this may be appropriate.
Enabor, E.E. 1974	Socio-economic aspects of taungya (agrisilviculture) in relation to traditional shifting cultivation in tropical developing countries. Soils Bulletin (FAO) No. 24, p. 191-202.
FAO 1956	Tree planting practices in tropical Africa. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 8, Rome.
FAO 1957	Tree planting practices in tropical Asia. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 11, Rome.
FAO 1958	Choice of tree species. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 13, Rome.
FAO 1959	Tree planting practices in temperate Asia, Burma - India - Pakistan. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 14.
FAO 1974	Tree planting practices in African savannas. FAO Forestry Development Paper No. 19.
FAO 1977 (a)	Guidelines for Watershed Management. Protection of cultivated slopes; terracing steep slopes in humid regions by T.C. Sheng. FAO Conservation Guide 1, Rome, p. 147-171.
FAO 1977 (b)	Guidelines for watershed management. FAO Conservation Guide No. 1, Rome, 293 p. Contents: Land classification for watershed management; the watershed approach for development project formulation; environmental impact analysis and forestry activities; evaluating results of integrated conservation projects; application of remote sensing to watershed management; evaluation of erosion conditions and trends; methods of soil erosion monitoring for improved watershed management in Tanzania; predicting soil losses due to sheet and rill erosion; procedures for determining rates of land damage, land depreciation and volume of sediment produced by gully erosion; use of runoff plots to evaluate soil loss; protection of cultivated slopes - terracing steep slopes in humid regions; gully control structures and systems; logging and the environment, with particular reference to soil and stream protection in tropical rainforest situations; reducing erosional impacts of roads; watershed organizations and socio-economic factors; forest management to minimize landslide risk; wattling and staking.
FAO 1977 (c)	Hydrological techniques for upstream conservation. FAO Conservation Guide No. 2, Rome, 134 p. Contents: Managing forests for water supplies and resource conservation; erosion hazard classification and inventory techniques in mountainous areas; sampling streams for suspended sediment, with reference to tropical rainforest observations; reservoir sedimentation survey methods; some simple techniques for reconnaissance work in watershed management; hydrology for soil and water conservation in the coastal regions of North Africa; methods of estimating evaporation and evapotranspiration; water quality studies on experimental catchments and an ecosystem balance sheet; wastewater disposal in forests; application of an inexpensive double ring infiltrometer; snow measurement; torrent control in the mountains with reference to the tropics.
FAO 1977 (d)	Conservation in arid and semi-arid zones. FAO Conservation Guide No. 3, Rome, 125 p. Contents: Can desertisation be halted?; shelterbelts - functions and uses; arid zone examples of shelterbelt establishment and management; management and regeneration of degraded catchments and eroded pastoral land with particular reference to range reseeding; harvesting surface runoff and ephemeral streamflow in arid zones; vegetation management guidelines for increasing water yields in a semi-arid region: an Arizona case study; a review of some dune afforestation procedures; simple visual methods for identification of critical watersheds; restoration and protection of degraded slopes.
FAO In press	Forest plantations for rehabilitating eroded lands by D. A. Harcharik and S. H. Kunkle. FAO Conservation Guide 4, Rome.
Haufe, H.R. 1973	The Sunchon method. A method to demonstrate quick and attractive fuel and wood production in forest lands with heavy erosion hazards in the Dongjin Gang Watershed. FAO FO/ROK/67/523. Project report 2, Seoul, 54 p.
King, K.F.S. 1968	Agrisilviculture (The Taungya System). Bulletin No. 1, Department of Forestry - University of Ibadan, 109 p. A survey of the experience of a number of tropical countries in the field of agrisilviculture, by means of a questionnaire; the analysis of the biological, socio-economic and legal aspects of this experience. Initial conclusions are drawn on technical aspects such as time and sequence of planting, forest species, agricultural crops, spacement, effects on the soil, etc., and on the effects on the socio-economic conditions, including such aspects as incentives and the economic advantages both to the forester and to the farmer.
EXPERIENCES AND CASE STUDIES (E)
Baier, S. & King, D. J. 1974	Drought and the development of Sahelian economies? A case study of Hausa-Tuareg interdependence. LTC Newsletter, No. 45, Land Tenure Center, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison.
Barrows, R. L. 1974	African land reform policies: the case of Sierra Leone. Wisconsin, Madison, Land Economics, 50, 4, p. 402-410. The structure and functions of the Mende and Limba tenure systems in Sierra Leone are examined; their agricultural systems being based on shifting cultivation and bush fallow. The benefits and costs of changing the land tenure system are examined and policy implications for other African nations arc discussed.
FAO 1974	Case Study of Forest Village Systems in Northern Thailand. Faculty of Social Science. Chiang Mai University. FAO/SWE/TF 126. Annex to Report of the FAO/ILO/SIDA Consultation on Employment in Forestry, Rome.
FAO 1976 (a)	Mae Sa integrated watershed and forest land use (Chiang Mai), Thailand. Draft Interim Report. FO:DP/THA/72/008. Home.
FAO 1976 (b)	Upper Solo Watershed Management and Upland Development, Indonesia. Termination Report. AG:DP/INS/72/006, Rome.
FAO 1977 (a)	Savanna Afforestation in Africa. Irrigated plantations by J.K. Jackson. FOR:TF-RAF 95 (DEN), Rome, p. 168-172.
FAO 1977 (b)	Savanna Afforestation in Africa. Shelterbelts and environmental forestry by J.C. Delwaulle. FOR:TF-RAF 95 (DEN), Rome, p. 173-180.
FAO 1977 (c)	Savanna Afforestation in Africa. Species, techniques and problems of the semi-arid zones - the Sahel. FOR:TF-RAF 95 (DEN), Rome, p. 160-167.
Faustino, D.M. Jr. 1976	The PICOP Agro-Forestry development programme and its socio-economic impact. Proc. Ann. Symposium of Philippines For. Research Soc., Los Baños.
Kenya Forest Department 1967	Taungya in Kenya: The ‘Shamba System’. Doc. of FAO World Symposium on Man-made Forests. Vol. 2, Rome.
Kio, P. R. 1972	Shifting cultivation and multiple use of forest land in Nigeria. Commonwealth Forestry Review 51, 2, No. 148, p. 144-148.
Ng’andwe, C.O.M. 1976	African traditional land tenure and agricultural development: case study of the Kunda people in Jumbe. Zambia University, Lusaka, African Social Research, 21, p. 51-67. Discusses a land tenure system originally established for a semi-nomadic society with no money economy, limited needs of land and an excess supply of land. The impact of a money economy, improved agricultural techniques, increased consumption habits and dependence on land for economic and social development have now raised the vital question of land tenure.
Oughton, G.A. 1974	Notes on some current measures aimed at the solution of shifting cultivation-induced problems in the highlands of northern Thailand with particular reference to forestry and rural employment. FAO/SWE/TF 126. Annex to Report of FAO/ILO/SIDA Consultation on Employment in Forestry, Rome.
Rees, J.D. 1972	Forest utilization by Tarascan agriculturalists in Michoacan, Mexico. Dissertation Abstracts International, B., 32, 11, 6466-6467. Describes existing forest exploitation activities and analyses the resources, demographic, social, economic and legal factors affecting forest utilization. The pine/oak forests surrounding two villages are communally owned and are used for grazing, and to provide fuelwood and wood for construction, utilitarian furniture and simple utensils. The felling and sale of lumber in any quantity is restricted by law, but as the economic self-sufficiency of the villages declines, there is an increasing trade in illegally felled timber.
Roche, L. 1973	The practice of agri-silviculture in the tropics with special reference to Nigeria. FAO Regional Seminar on Shifting Cultivation and Soil Conservation in Africa, University of Ibadan, 29 p. Reviews the role of the taungya system in rural development, including: reduction of the destructive effects of shifting cultivation on forests, the conversion of degraded forests to commercial plantations, the supply of proteins and carbohydrates as well as cellulose, the need for capital expenditure in the initial stages, continued research and planning, and for conservation of areas of natural species - rich forest ecosystems.
Samapuddhi, K. 1975	Thailand’s forest villages. Unasylva (FAO), Vol. 27, 107, p. 20-23. Describes the forest-village system, developed by Thailand’s. Forest Industry organization in order to provide an adequate labour force for the long-term needs of forestry and, at the same time, satisfy the traditional farming practices of the local people and induce those who practise shifting cultivation to settle.
Smith, C. 1973	Planned shifting cultivation. A case study of shifting cultivation on regional development in northern Tanzania, Frankfurt a.M., Zeitschrift fur Auslandische Landwirtschaft, 12, 1, p. 22-39. Reviews opinions as to whether shifting cultivation is a destructive form of agricultural land use or is an acceptable ecological system. Describes a system in northern Tanzania where cultivation is allowed for up to six years which includes pyrethrum as a cash crop and an afforestation programme. The social and administrative problems are discussed.
Van Dillewijn, F. J. 1976	Forestry: Upper Solo Watershed Management and Upland Development, Indonesia. Draft Expert Termination Report, Rome.
Yen, D.E. 1974	Arboriculture in the subsistence of Santa Crux, Solomon Islands. Economic Botany 28, p. 274-284.
OUTPUT OF FOREST LANDS (O)
Arnold, J.E.M. & Jongma, J.H. 1978	Wood as a source of energy in developing countries. Unasylva (FAO), Vol. 29, 118 (In press).
Booth, G. A. 1966	Study of the gum Acacia senegal and the supply of other forest produce in relation to land use planning. Land and Water Use Survey in Kordofan Province, Republic of Sudan, Report for FAO Doxiadis Associates. Document DOX/SUD/A45, Rome, 145 P.
Brown, A. & Hall, N. 1968	Growing trees on Australian farms. Forestry and Timber Bureau, Canberra, 397 p.
Chakrabarti, K. &. Chaudhuri, A.B. 1972	Wildlife biology of the Sundarbans forests: honey production and behaviour pattern of the honeybee. Science & Culture 38, 6, p. 269-276. Presents the results of intensive studies in the tidal, swampy forests of the Sundarbans, and gives information on: plants preferred for bee pasture; comb sizes and yield of honey and wax; distance of the comb from ground level in relation to yield of honey; yield of honey in relation to comb length and distance from ground level; phenology, etc. In this study the plants preferred for bee pasture were Excoecaria agallocha and Avicennia spp.
Crane, E., (ed.) 1975	Honey. A comprehensive survey. London, Heinemann Ltd.
Earl, D. E. 1975	Forest energy and economic development. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Fanshawe, D. B. (Comp.) 1972	Useful trees of Zambia for the agriculturist. Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Lusaka, 126 p. Summary information on 53 tree species, including vernacular names, description, habitat, distribution and uses, together with line drawings of foliage, flowers and fruit. The trees are classified into four groups according to their usefulness to agriculturists for fruit, fodder and timber, and as trees of ecological importance.
FAO 1959	Fuelwood in Pakistan by T. Hussain. FAO Forestry Occasional Paper No. 7, FAO/59/10/7200, Rome, 29 p.
FAO 1961	Improvement of fuelwood cooking stoves and economy in fuelwood consumption by H. Singer. Report No. TA 1315, Rome, 23 p.
FAO 1965	Poplars in forestry and land use. FAO Forestry and Forest Products Studies No. 12, Rome, 511 p.
FAO 1976	Eucalypts for planting. Draft 2nd ed. compiled by Dr. M. Jacobs to be published as an FAO Forestry Development Paper. FO:MISC/76/10, Rome, 398 p.
Giffard, P. L. 1974	L’arbre dans le paysage Senegalais. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Dakar, 431 p. Includes details on the natural vegetation and the distribution and growth of forest stands. Lists species that provide the full range of major and minor forest products and species for windbreaks, erosion control, soil improvement and roadside planting. Deals with nursery practice, planting techniques and choice of plantation species. Lists botanical and vernacular names.
Giffard, P. L. 1975	Les gommiers, essences de reboisement pour les régions sahéliennes. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques No. 161.
Goor, A.Y. & Barney, C.W. 1976	Forest tree planting in arid zones, 2nd ed. The Ronald Press, New York, 504 p.
Jolly, M.S., Sen, S.K. & Das, M.G. 1976	Silk from the forest. Unasylva (FAO), 18, 114, p. 20-23.
Kanny Lall Dey & Rai Bahadur 1973	The indigenous drugs of India. Pana Primlane. The Chronica Botanica, New Delhi, 387 p.
Lewis, N.B., Keeves, A. & Leech, J.W. 1976	Yield regulation in South Australian Pinus radiata plantations. Woods and Forest Dept., South Australia, Bulletin No. 23, 174 p.
National Academy of Sciences. 1975	Underexploited tropical plants with promising economic value. Washington, D.C., NAS, 189 p.
National Academy of Sciences. 1977	Leucaena. Promising forage and tree crop for the tropics. Washington, D.C. NAS, 115 p.
Poynton, R. J. 1960	A guide to the characteristics and uses of trees and shrubs. Republic of South Africa Forest Department Bulletin No. 39, Pretoria. The Government Printer, 70 p.
Razafindrakoto, C. 1972	L’apiculture a Madagascar. Univ. Paul-Sabaier de Toulouse, 123 p.
Seguin, J. et al 1975	L’homme et l’animal. Institut International d’Ethnosciences, Paris, 644 p. Papers presented at the First Colloquium on Ethnozoology in November 1973. Contain new and little known material on relationships between man and a wide variety of animals in many little known parts of the world. Bees are referred to in three papers: by J. Seguin on an ethnoentomological study of the Laotians of the middle Mekong valley (p. 237-246); toy M. Pavan on man as protector of ant/forest associations (p. 259-263); by M. Gessain and T. Kinzler on honey and honey-producing insects among the Bassari and other peoples of eastern Senegal (p. 247-254) which includes an explanation of techniques of beekeeping and wild honey harvesting, and uses of honey, wax, pollen, etc., collected from bees and other insects.
Sholto Douglas, J. 1972	Tree crops for food, forage and cash. Parts I ft II. World Crops, 24,1: 2, 2: 15-19; 86-89, 97. Sec. Jnl. Source: Tropical Abstracts 27, v2762, v2266. EMB. Brief notes on the distribution, morphology, uses and nutritional value of 25 species that can be grown on farms in the tropics to yield fruit, nuts, edible pods, etc., as well as timber (Cf. FA 30, 5722).
Singh, J. & Randey, H. S. 1975	Eucalyptus in extension forestry programmes of the agricultural state of Punjab. Indian Forester. 101, 2, p. 116-126. Growth statistics for the 4 500 ha of successfully established short-rotation Eucalyptus plantations, and their marketability and economics are discussed. It is suggested that there is vast scope for extending planting on farms and village link roads as well as in state forests.
Smith, Francis G. 1960	Beekeeping in the tropics. London, Longmans.
1971	Various wildland shrubs - their biology and utilization. An international symposium. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, July. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah.
PROJECT AREA SURVEY AND PROJECT FORMULATION (P)
FAO 1976	A framework for land evaluation. Soils Bulletin (FAO) No. 32, 72 p.
FAO 1977(a)	Guidelines for the development of less favourable environment areas. A comprehensive integrated watershed development approach. AGS/MIS/77/2, Rome, 22p. This paper introduces all the activities involved in watershed development and management in a consolidated form. It explains why area development should be carried out through a comprehensive and integrated multi-disciplinary programme within the natural boundaries of watersheds.
FAO 1977 (b)	Abstract of AGS/MISC/77/2 including an outline proposal for initiating ‘A Pilot Area Development in a sub-watershed’. AGS/MISC/77/1, Rome.
Irrigated land use 1953	Part 2. Land classification. USA Bureau of Land Reclamation Manual, Vol. 5, USDI.
Klingebiel, A.A. & Montgomery, P. H. 1966	Land capability classification. Agric. handbook 216, Washington, US Govt. Printing Office.
Price Gittinger, J. 1972	Economic analysis of agricultural projects, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Watt, G. R. 1973	The planning and evaluation of forestry projects, Oxford, Commonwealth Forestry Institute. A compact survey of the literature on forestry planning and projects.
Whyte, R. O. 1976	Land and land appraisal. The Hague, W. Junk, 370 p. Discusses principles and techniques of land appraisal that are applicable for developing countries. Examples are taken primarily from monsoonal and equatorial Asia. Stresses the importance of a parallel appraisal of rural sociology, rural economics and rural psychology, without which the techniques of land appraisal will be of little value.