FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Community Forestry Note 13

WHAT ABOUT THE WILD ANIMALS?

Wild animal species in community forestry in the tropics

by Kent H. Redford, Robert Godshalk and Kiran Asher

Table of Contents

PREFACE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

Values of forest wildlife

Wildlife use and management

Recent developments

Constructing the future

Structure of the paper

CHAPTER 1: BIOGEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE USE OF WILD ANIMAL SPECIES

Source faunas

• Historical factors
• Physical factors
• Biotic factors

The indirect effects of loss of fauna

• Vegetation structure
• Seed dispersal
• Predation

Invertebrate wealth

Hunting patterns

Wildlife or domestic stock?

The nutritional advantages of wildlife

CHAPTER 2: SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES OF WILDLIFE

Religion, mythology and folklore

Taboos on the use of animals

Ceremonial uses of wild animals

The cultural significance of hunting

Medicinal uses of wildlife

Gender factors: effects on traditional and potential wildlife use

Effects of market involvement

• Market effects on subsistence hunters
• Urban demand
• Estimating the extent of trade in wildlife meat
• International markets
• Community forestry and wildlife markets

CHAPTER 3: PROPERTY REGIMES AND WILDLIFE USE

Wildlife use and wildlife management

Categories of property regimes

• Common property
• State property
• Open access property

Private ownership of wildlife

The hazards of privatization

CHAPTER 4: ASSESSING THE ALTERNATIVES FOR INCORPORATING WILD ANIMAL SPECIES INTO COMMUNITY FORESTRY ACTIVITIES

Classification of nomenclature

Soft management

A case study of contemporary soft management: satellite camps and the Yuquí of Amazonian Bolivia

Soft management options

• Subsistence food production
• Non-subsistence use of game meat
• The commercial production of insects for food

Non-food economic products of wild animals

• The pet market
• Wild animals and tourism
• Wild animals and other luxury products
• Wild animals and medicine
• Wild animals as sources of genetic improvement

Negative consequences of integrating wild animals into community forestry activities

Decision criteria

CHAPTER 5: REGIONAL EXAMPLES OF WILDLIFE USE AND MANAGEMENT BY LOCAL COMMUNITIES

Part 1: AFRICA

• Wildlife management for ecotourism in Tanzania
• Fire management for protein and silk production in Madagascar
• Community game management in Botswana
• Sustained-yield wildlife management in Zambia
• Local benefits from wildlife use in Zimbabwe
• Non-consumptive wildlife use in Kenya
• Traditional wildlife management in Nigeria
• Traditional hunting rights in the Central African Republic
• The battle against the tsetse fly
• Community involvement in wildlife management

Part 2: LATIN AMERICA

• Changing land rights
• Increased market involvement
• Duck harvesting in Mexico
• Invertebrate use by the Kayapó in Brazil
• Wild harvest of caiman in Venezuela
• Capybara use in Venezuela
• Management of tegu lizards in Argentina
• Sustainable harvest of the guanaco
• Invertebrate food in Amazonia
• Swidden agriculture for game management
• Green iguana management in Panama
• Community conservation in Belize

Part 3: SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC REGION

• Wildlife resources and insect farms in Papua New Guinea
• Maring hunters in the highland forests of Papua New Guinea
• Mangroves and shrimp in Vietnam
• Wildlife use and management in the semi-arid scrub forests of western India
• Wildlife management in Bhutan
• Animal farming for traditional medicine in Southeast Asia
• Silkworms in India
• Hunting, farming and inter-ethnic relations in the Philippines
• Changing resource use in Asia and the Pacific

CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The goal of community forestry

GLOSSARY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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